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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Human–lion conflict ： ウィキペディア英語版 Human–lion conflict Human–lion conflict refers to the pattern of problematic interactions between native people and lions. Conflict with humans is a major contributor of the decline in lion populations in Africa.〔Hazzah, L., Dolrenry, S., Naughton, L., Edwards, C.T.T., Mwebi, O., Kearney, F., Frank, L. (2014). Efficacy of two lion conservation programs in Maasailand, Kenya. Conservation Biology. 28(851-860). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.1224〕 Habitat loss and fragmentation due to conversion of land for agriculture has forced lions to live in closer proximity to human settlements.〔Abade, L., MacDonald, D.W., & Dickman, A.J. (2014). Assessing the relative importance of landscape and husbandry factors in determining large carnivore depredation risk in Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape. Biological Conservation, 180(241-248). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.005〕 As a result, conflict is often characterized by lions preying upon livestock, known as livestock depredation. When depredation events take place, farmers suffer financial losses and lions face threats of retaliatory killing. ==Causes of Conflict== The main cause of conflict is habitat loss.〔 83% of the African lion's range has been reduced and what remains is increasingly fragmented.〔Hazzah, L., Borgerhoof Mulder, M., Frank, L. (2009). Lions and warriors: Social factors underlying declining African lion populations and the effect of incentive-based management in Kenya. Biological Conservation. 142(2428-2437). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.06/006〕 Lions, as large carnivores, rely on large connected expanses of land.〔Rosenblatt, E., Becker, M.S., Creel, S., Droge, E., Mweetwa, T., Schuette, P.A., Watson, F., Merkle,. J, & Mwape, H. (2014). Detecting declines of apex carnivores and evaluating their causes: an example with Zambian lions. Biological Conservation, 180(176-186). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.10.006〕 The conversion of their habitat into agricultural land prevents them from dispersing and can limit the availability of natural prey.〔Schuette, P., Creel, S., & Christianson, D. (2013). Coexistence of African lions, livestock, and people in a landscape with variable human land use and seasonal movements. Biological Conservation. 157(148-154). http://dx..doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.09.011〕〔Bauer, H., de Iongh, H., Sogbohossou, E. (2010). Assessment and mitigation of human-lion conflict in West and Central Africa. Mammalia. 74(363-367). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/MAMM.2010.048〕 Lions are therefore roaming closer to farms than before and are at a higher risk of preying on livestock. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Human–lion conflict」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.